{"id":668,"date":"2024-03-12T07:25:57","date_gmt":"2024-03-12T07:25:57","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/lmmworkrolls.com\/?p=668"},"modified":"2024-03-12T07:26:01","modified_gmt":"2024-03-12T07:26:01","slug":"su-dung-va-quan-ly-cac-con-lan-du-phong-tam-va-dai-can-nong","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/lmmworkrolls.com\/vi\/su-dung-va-quan-ly-cac-con-lan-du-phong-tam-va-dai-can-nong\/","title":{"rendered":"S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng v\u00e0 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd l\u00f4 d\u1ef1 ph\u00f2ng c\u00e1n n\u00f3ng d\u1ea1ng t\u1ea5m v\u00e0 d\u1ea3i"},"content":{"rendered":"

T\u00f3m t\u1eaft: Y\u00eau c\u1ea7u v\u1ec1 s\u1ea3n l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c d\u1ea3i c\u00e1n n\u00f3ng ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng cao, khi\u1ebfn y\u00eau c\u1ea7u s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng v\u00e0 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd l\u00f4 d\u1ef1 ph\u00f2ng thay \u0111\u1ed5i theo t\u1eebng ng\u00e0y. Trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p n\u00e0y, vi\u1ec7c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng v\u00e0 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd l\u00f4 d\u1ef1 ph\u00f2ng, k\u00e9o d\u00e0i tu\u1ed5i th\u1ecd c\u1ee7a l\u00f4 d\u1ef1 ph\u00f2ng c\u00e0ng nhi\u1ec1u c\u00e0ng t\u1ed1t v\u00e0 tr\u00e1nh tai n\u1ea1n tr\u00ean l\u00f4 d\u1ef1 ph\u00f2ng \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t v\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m l\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t quan tr\u1ecdng.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

T\u1eeb kh\u00f3a: cu\u1ed9n; hao m\u00f2n; lo\u1ea1i cu\u1ed9n; s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng; qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Khi s\u1ea3n l\u01b0\u1ee3ng d\u1ea3i c\u00e1n n\u00f3ng t\u0103ng d\u1ea7n, y\u00eau c\u1ea7u s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng l\u00f4 d\u1ef1 ph\u00f2ng c\u0169ng ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng cao. L\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 k\u00e9o d\u00e0i tu\u1ed5i th\u1ecd c\u1ee7a l\u00f4 d\u1ef1 ph\u00f2ng \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 ch\u00ednh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y c\u00e1n d\u1ea3i c\u00e1n n\u00f3ng nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u. Hi\u1ec7n ch\u00fang t\u00f4i \u0111ang ph\u00e2n t\u00edch vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng v\u00e0 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd l\u00f4 d\u1ef1 ph\u00f2ng trong nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed3ng nghi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00ecm ra hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 chi ph\u00ed t\u1ed1i \u0111a c\u1ee7a l\u00f4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

T\u1ed5ng quan v\u1ec1 t\u1ea5m v\u00e0 d\u1ea3i c\u00e1n n\u00f3ng cu\u1ed9n sao l\u01b0u<\/a><\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Con l\u0103n d\u1ef1 ph\u00f2ng ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 con l\u0103n l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh c\u00e1n s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t. V\u00ec con l\u0103n d\u1ef1 ph\u00f2ng c\u00f3 tu\u1ed5i th\u1ecd s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng l\u00e2u d\u00e0i v\u00e0 ch\u1ecbu \u1ee9ng su\u1ea5t u\u1ed1n xen k\u1ebd trong th\u1eddi gian d\u00e0i n\u00ean con l\u0103n d\u1ef1 ph\u00f2ng ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 d\u1ebbo dai v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng g\u00e3y t\u1ed1t. Do \u0111\u00f3, s\u1ef1 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p ho\u00e0n h\u1ea3o gi\u1eefa kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng m\u00e0i m\u00f2n cao, kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng bong tr\u00f3c cao v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng g\u00e3y l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n b\u1eaft bu\u1ed9c ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi con l\u0103n d\u1ef1 ph\u00f2ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nh\u00ecn chung, qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00e1c l\u00f4 d\u1ef1 ph\u00f2ng c\u1ee7a m\u00e1y c\u00e1n th\u00e9p d\u1ea3i n\u00f3ng \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1ea3i qua b\u1ed1n giai \u0111o\u1ea1n (xem B\u1ea3ng 1).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nh\u01b0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y t\u1eeb b\u1ea3ng tr\u00ean, vi\u1ec7c t\u0103ng h\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 Cr trong v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u c\u00e1n d\u1ef1 ph\u00f2ng c\u00f3 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 trong vi\u1ec7c c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 ch\u1ed1ng m\u00e0i m\u00f2n c\u1ee7a ma tr\u1eadn c\u00e1n d\u1ef1 ph\u00f2ng. D\u1ef1a tr\u00ean t\u00f3m t\u1eaft c\u00e1c th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m v\u00e0 kinh nghi\u1ec7m, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta tin r\u1eb1ng h\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng Cr trong th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n c\u00e1n d\u1ef1 ph\u00f2ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 5% t\u1ed1i \u01b0u. Do \u0111\u00f3, h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y c\u00e1n d\u1ea3i c\u00e1n n\u00f3ng hi\u1ec7n nay \u0111\u1ec1u s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c l\u00f4 c\u00e1n d\u1ef1 ph\u00f2ng Cr5 r\u00e8n. Th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ee9ng minh r\u1eb1ng v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u n\u00e0y ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p h\u01a1n v\u1edbi nhu c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t c\u00e1n d\u1ea3i c\u00e1n n\u00f3ng hi\u1ec7n nay.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

B\u1ea3ng 1 C\u00e1c giai \u0111o\u1ea1n ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u cu\u1ed9n d\u1ef1 ph\u00f2ng cho m\u00e1y c\u00e1n n\u00f3ng<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

giai \u0111o\u1ea1n ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n<\/td>V\u1eadt li\u1ec7u<\/td><\/tr>
Giai \u0111o\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean<\/td>Th\u00e9p \u0111\u00fac nguy\u00ean kh\u1ed1i<\/td><\/tr>
giai \u0111o\u1ea1n th\u1ee9 hai<\/td>Cr2 r\u00e8n<\/td><\/tr>
Giai \u0111o\u1ea1n th\u1ee9 ba<\/td>R\u00e8n Cr3; \u0111\u00fac t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p<\/td><\/tr>
Giai \u0111o\u1ea1n th\u1ee9 t\u01b0<\/td>R\u00e8n Cr4, 5; \u0111\u00fac t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng cu\u1ed9n sao l\u01b0u<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

H\u00ecnh d\u1ea1ng ph\u1eb3ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a th\u00e9p d\u1ea3i, v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 m\u00f2n c\u1ee7a tr\u1ee5c l\u0103n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 ch\u00ednh \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn h\u00ecnh d\u1ea1ng ph\u1eb3ng cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng c\u1ee7a th\u00e9p d\u1ea3i. \u0110\u1ed9 m\u00f2n c\u1ee7a tr\u1ee5c l\u0103n bao g\u1ed3m \u0111\u1ed9 m\u00f2n c\u1ee7a tr\u1ee5c l\u0103n d\u1ef1 ph\u00f2ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 m\u00f2n c\u1ee7a tr\u1ee5c l\u0103n l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c. V\u00ec chu k\u1ef3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i tr\u1ee5c l\u0103n c\u1ee7a tr\u1ee5c l\u0103n d\u1ef1 ph\u00f2ng d\u00e0i h\u01a1n nhi\u1ec1u so v\u1edbi tr\u1ee5c l\u0103n l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c, n\u00ean \u0111\u1ed9 m\u00f2n nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 s\u1ebd \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn bi\u1ebfn d\u1ea1ng u\u1ed1n c\u1ee7a tr\u1ee5c l\u0103n l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c, do \u0111\u00f3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u00ecnh d\u1ea1ng d\u1ea3i. \u0110\u1ed9 m\u00f2n c\u1ee7a tr\u1ee5c l\u0103n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 kh\u00f3 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u01b0\u1ee3ng trong s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Con l\u0103n m\u00e0i m\u00f2n<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

C\u01a1 ch\u1ebf c\u1ee7a m\u00f2n l\u0103n gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i m\u00f2n kh\u00e1c. Theo quan \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a tribology, m\u00f2n l\u0103n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec3u l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng thay \u0111\u1ed5i v\u1ec1 k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc v\u0129 m\u00f4 v\u00e0 vi m\u00f4. M\u00f2n l\u0103n th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn bao g\u1ed3m c\u1ea3 m\u00f2n v\u0129 m\u00f4 v\u00e0 m\u00f2n vi m\u00f4, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n kh\u00e1ch quan \u1edf vi\u1ec7c gi\u1ea3m \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng k\u00ednh l\u0103n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

S\u1ef1 m\u00e0i m\u00f2n c\u1ee7a con l\u0103n d\u1ef1 ph\u00f2ng ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu l\u00e0 do ma s\u00e1t tr\u01b0\u1ee3t v\u00e0 l\u0103n t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi con l\u0103n l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c. B\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t c\u1ee7a con l\u0103n l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c v\u00e0 c\u00e1c h\u1ea1t cacbua m\u00e0i m\u00f2n c\u00e1c h\u1ea1t kim lo\u1ea1i tr\u00ean b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t c\u1ee7a con l\u0103n d\u1ef1 ph\u00f2ng, g\u00e2y ra s\u1ef1 m\u00e0i m\u00f2n c\u1ee7a con l\u0103n d\u1ef1 ph\u00f2ng. L\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u00e0i m\u00f2n li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 nh\u01b0 v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a con l\u0103n, \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t, \u0111\u1ed9 nh\u00e1m, \u00e1p su\u1ea5t gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c con l\u0103n, l\u01b0\u1ee3ng tr\u01b0\u1ee3t t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u00e0 kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch l\u0103n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Th\u1ed1ng k\u00ea t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u1edbn d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111o l\u01b0\u1eddng cho th\u1ea5y l\u01b0\u1ee3ng hao m\u00f2n c\u1ee7a con l\u0103n \u0111\u1ee1 d\u01b0\u1edbi l\u1edbn h\u01a1n l\u01b0\u1ee3ng hao m\u00f2n c\u1ee7a con l\u0103n \u0111\u1ee1 tr\u00ean. Nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u00e0y l\u00e0 do n\u01b0\u1edbc l\u00e0m m\u00e1t mang theo m\u1ed9t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u1edbn c\u1eb7n oxit s\u1eaft t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u00ean b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t c\u1ee7a con l\u0103n \u0111\u1ee1 d\u01b0\u1edbi, d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c k\u00e9m c\u1ee7a con l\u0103n \u0111\u1ee1 d\u01b0\u1edbi v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea9y nhanh qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh hao m\u00f2n c\u1ee7a con l\u0103n \u0111\u1ee1 d\u01b0\u1edbi. \u0110\u1ec3 \u1ee9ng ph\u00f3 v\u1edbi c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 tr\u00ean, b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn ch\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ee1 t\u1ea1i ch\u1ed7 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p sau \u0111\u1ec3 b\u00f9 \u0111\u1eafp cho s\u1ef1 hao m\u00f2n c\u1ee7a con l\u0103n:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

(1) Ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t t\u1eeb lo\u1ea1i c\u00e1n. C\u00e1c con l\u0103n m\u1edbi l\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t tr\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u00ean ph\u1ea3i c\u00e1n c\u00e1c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m r\u1ed9ng, m\u1ecfng, t\u1ea5m v\u00e0 d\u1ea3i c\u00f3 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u dung sai nghi\u00eam ng\u1eb7t, sau \u0111\u00f3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m theo tr\u00ecnh t\u1ef1 khi con l\u0103n b\u1ecb m\u00f2n. L\u00e0m t\u1eeb r\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ebfn h\u1eb9p, t\u1eeb m\u1ecfng \u0111\u1ebfn d\u00e0y v\u00e0 cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng c\u00e1n s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m c\u00f3 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u dung sai th\u1ea5p;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

(2) Xem x\u00e9t s\u1ef1 m\u00e0i m\u00f2n c\u1ee7a tr\u1ee5c l\u0103n do qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh gi\u1ea3m c\u00e1n. N\u00ean \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng gi\u1ea3m nh\u1eb1m b\u00f9 \u0111\u1eafp cho s\u1ef1 m\u00e0i m\u00f2n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c tr\u1ee5c l\u0103n;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

(3) Xem x\u00e9t \u0111\u1ed9 m\u00f2n c\u1ee7a l\u00f4 theo g\u00f3c \u0111\u1ed9 l\u00e0m m\u00e1t l\u00f4. Ngh\u0129a l\u00e0, thay \u0111\u1ed5i ph\u00e2n b\u1ed1 nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a th\u00e2n l\u00f4 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 b\u00f9 \u0111\u1eafp cho t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed9 m\u00f2n l\u00f4. Khi l\u00f4 b\u1ecb m\u00f2n, l\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u01b0\u1edbc l\u00e0m m\u00e1t \u1edf m\u00e9p l\u00f4 t\u0103ng d\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ec3 t\u0103ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ed9 cong nhi\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a l\u00f4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

D\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y ch\u00fang t\u00f4i ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 b\u00f9 tr\u1eeb \u0111\u1ed9 m\u00f2n tr\u1ee5c l\u0103n d\u1ef1 ph\u00f2ng th\u00f4ng qua thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh tr\u1ee5c l\u0103n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf h\u00ecnh con l\u0103n c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed9n d\u1ef1 ph\u00f2ng<\/a><\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

S\u1ef1 m\u00e0i m\u00f2n c\u1ee7a con l\u0103n d\u1ef1 ph\u00f2ng l\u00e0 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 m\u00e0 nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean quy tr\u00ecnh c\u00e1n th\u00e9p ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t ch\u00fa \u00fd. Ch\u1ec9 b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n th\u1ed1ng k\u00ea ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c v\u00e0 h\u1ee3p l\u00fd v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ed9 m\u00f2n c\u1ee7a con l\u0103n d\u1ef1 ph\u00f2ng, ch\u00fang ta m\u1edbi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1eddi gian s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng h\u1ee3p l\u00fd c\u1ee7a t\u1eebng con l\u0103n d\u1ef1 ph\u00f2ng, l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u00e0i m\u00f2n th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf c\u1ee7a con l\u0103n d\u1ef1 ph\u00f2ng v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n b\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ed9 m\u00f2n d\u1ecdc theo th\u00e2n con l\u0103n. Cung c\u1ea5p th\u00f4ng tin c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft v\u00e0 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec3 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t h\u00ecnh d\u1ea1ng nh\u1eb1m \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

(1) Thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf ki\u1ec3u con l\u0103n<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u1edbn s\u1ed1 li\u1ec7u th\u1ed1ng k\u00ea d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean t\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi m\u00e0i l\u00f4 d\u1ef1 ph\u00f2ng v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n ra r\u1eb1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng cong l\u0103n c\u1ee7a l\u00f4 d\u1ef1 ph\u00f2ng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng l\u00f4 ph\u1eb3ng v\u00e0 l\u00f4 h\u00ecnh sin kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c duy tr\u00ec t\u1ed1t sau khi ch\u00fang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00e1o kh\u1ecfi m\u00e1y. B\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t l\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1ecb m\u00e0i m\u00f2n kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec1u v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u00e0y \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng \u1edf c\u00e1c gi\u00e1 \u0111\u1ee1 h\u1ea1 l\u01b0u. V\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y lu\u00f4n l\u00e0 c\u1ed1t l\u00f5i c\u1ee7a kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n trong vi\u1ec7c ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t h\u00ecnh d\u1ea1ng t\u1ea5m th\u00e9p c\u00e1n v\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u1eafc ph\u1ee5c. Th\u00f4ng qua th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m v\u00e0 kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1, h\u00ecnh d\u1ea1ng l\u0103n c\u1ee7a l\u00f4 d\u1ef1 ph\u00f2ng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thay \u0111\u1ed5i t\u1eeb \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng cong h\u00ecnh sin ban \u0111\u1ea7u th\u00e0nh \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng cong "l\u0169y th\u1eeba th\u1ee9 s\u00e1u". K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m cho th\u1ea5y h\u00ecnh d\u1ea1ng l\u0103n sau khi th\u00e1o kh\u1ecfi m\u00e1y v\u1ec1 c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n v\u1edbi h\u00ecnh d\u1ea1ng l\u0103n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e0i \u0111\u1eb7t tr\u01b0\u1edbc tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi v\u00e0o m\u00e1y, \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 ban \u0111\u1ea7u v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ed9 m\u00e0i m\u00f2n kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec1u c\u1ee7a l\u00f4 d\u1ef1 ph\u00f2ng \u1edf m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 l\u1edbn v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3m \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n trong vi\u1ec7c ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t h\u00ecnh d\u1ea1ng t\u1ea5m (xem H\u00ecnh 1).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Do \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng cong \u201cl\u0169y th\u1eeba th\u1ee9 s\u00e1u\u201d, ph\u1ea7n gi\u1eefa c\u1ee7a con l\u0103n d\u1ef1 ph\u00f2ng v\u00e0 con l\u0103n l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh c\u00e1n. Kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng t\u1ef1 gi\u1eef c\u1ee7a con l\u0103n d\u1ef1 ph\u00f2ng sau khi m\u00e0i m\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 v\u00e0 h\u00ecnh d\u1ea1ng con l\u0103n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf ban \u0111\u1ea7u v\u1ec1 c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c duy tr\u00ec (xem h\u00ecnh 2). Th\u00f4ng qua thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf v\u00e0 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i con l\u0103n m\u1edbi, t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng m\u00e0i m\u00f2n kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

(2) Thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf v\u00e1t c\u1ea1nh<\/p>\n\n\n\n

M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 lo\u1ea1i con l\u0103n d\u1ef1 ph\u00f2ng h\u1ee3p l\u00fd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 do con l\u0103n d\u1ef1 ph\u00f2ng b\u1ecb m\u00f2n kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec1u. Tuy nhi\u00ean, trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh c\u00e1n, n\u1ebfu vai con l\u0103n d\u1ef1 ph\u00f2ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 v\u00e1t ho\u1eb7c v\u00e1t qu\u00e1 nh\u1ecf, th\u1eadm ch\u00ed thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf v\u00e1t kh\u00f4ng h\u1ee3p l\u00fd th\u00ec s\u1ebd x\u1ea3y ra ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac c\u00f3 h\u1ea1i tr\u00ean vai con l\u0103n d\u1ef1 ph\u00f2ng. Do \u1ee9ng su\u1ea5t \u00e1p su\u1ea5t ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac xen k\u1ebd t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u00ean vai con l\u0103n d\u1ef1 ph\u00f2ng, m\u00e9p con l\u0103n d\u1ef1 ph\u00f2ng s\u1ebd b\u1ecb bong ra, khi\u1ebfn con l\u0103n d\u1ef1 ph\u00f2ng b\u1ecb lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf tr\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 th\u1eadm ch\u00ed g\u00e2y ra tai n\u1ea1n s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t. Do \u0111\u00f3, \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 t\u1eadp trung \u1ee9ng su\u1ea5t tr\u00ean vai con l\u0103n d\u1ef1 ph\u00f2ng v\u00e0 ng\u0103n ng\u1eeba m\u00e9p con l\u0103n d\u1ef1 ph\u00f2ng b\u1ecb bong ra, r\u1ea5t c\u1ea7n c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng cong chuy\u1ec3n ti\u1ebfp h\u1ee3p l\u00fd tr\u00ean m\u00e9p con l\u0103n d\u1ef1 ph\u00f2ng. M\u00e9p con l\u0103n d\u1ef1 ph\u00f2ng \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng v\u00e1t h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t h\u00ecnh cung, c\u00f3 t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n trong vi\u1ec7c gi\u1ea3m \u1ee9ng su\u1ea5t t\u1eadp trung tr\u00ean vai (xem H\u00ecnh 3). N\u1ebfu v\u00e1t m\u00e9p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf qu\u00e1 nh\u1ecf, v\u00e1t m\u00e9p s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng trong c\u00e1c giai \u0111o\u1ea1n c\u00e1n sau, v\u00e0 n\u1ebfu v\u00e1t m\u00e9p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf qu\u00e1 l\u1edbn, \u1ee9ng su\u1ea5t t\u1eadp trung s\u1ebd x\u1ea3y ra \u1edf g\u00f3t v\u00e1t m\u00e9p. Theo kinh nghi\u1ec7m s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng con l\u0103n d\u1ef1 ph\u00f2ng, n\u00ean t\u1ea1o v\u00e1t m\u00e9p cung k\u00e9p 1~2 mm theo h\u01b0\u1edbng xuy\u00ean t\u00e2m trong ph\u1ea1m vi chi\u1ec1u d\u00e0i m\u1ed9t m\u1eb7t 200 mm c\u1ee7a con l\u0103n d\u1ef1 ph\u00f2ng. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec3m t\u1eadp trung \u1ee9ng su\u1ea5t, gi\u1ea3m b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac c\u00f3 h\u1ea1i v\u00e0 tr\u00e1nh tai n\u1ea1n l\u0103n trong su\u1ed1t th\u1eddi gian s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a con l\u0103n d\u1ef1 ph\u00f2ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

H\u00ecnh 1 \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng cong con l\u0103n c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t th\u1ee9 s\u00e1u<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

H\u00ecnh 2 \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng cong h\u00ecnh d\u1ea1ng con l\u0103n d\u1ef1 ph\u00f2ng sau khi m\u00f2n<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

H\u00ecnh 3 V\u00e1t vai con l\u0103n d\u1ef1 ph\u00f2ng<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9n sao l\u01b0u<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Ngo\u00e0i ra, ch\u00eca kh\u00f3a cho ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng l\u00f4 n\u1eb1m \u1edf vi\u1ec7c qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd l\u00f4 d\u1ef1 ph\u00f2ng; ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd li\u00ean quan tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp \u0111\u1ebfn tu\u1ed5i th\u1ecd v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 chi ph\u00ed c\u1ee7a l\u00f4 d\u1ef1 ph\u00f2ng. Vi\u1ec7c qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd l\u00f4 d\u1ef1 ph\u00f2ng ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn tr\u00ean c\u01a1 s\u1edf t\u1eebng nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 sao ch\u00e9p b\u1eeba b\u00e3i. C\u00e1c bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p c\u00f3 li\u00ean quan ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i l\u00f4 v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y n\u01a1i s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng l\u00f4 d\u1ef1 ph\u00f2ng, \u0111\u1ec3 d\u1ea7n d\u1ea7n c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd l\u00f4 d\u1ef1 ph\u00f2ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9n d\u1ef1 ph\u00f2ng v\u00e0o nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Ki\u1ec3m tra si\u00eau \u00e2m c\u00e1c con l\u0103n d\u1ef1 ph\u00f2ng sau khi nh\u1eadp nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t quan tr\u1ecdng. V\u00ec c\u00e1c con l\u0103n d\u1ef1 ph\u00f2ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh kh\u1ecfi l\u1ed7i trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t n\u00ean ch\u00fang ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ki\u1ec3m tra v\u00e0 x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn c\u1ea9n th\u1eadn sau khi nh\u1eadp nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y. \u0110i\u1ec1u quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ea7n bi\u1ebft l\u00e0 b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 l\u1ed7i nh\u1ecf n\u00e0o tr\u00ean con l\u0103n c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn tai n\u1ea1n l\u1edbn ho\u1eb7c th\u1eadm ch\u00ed l\u00e0 tai n\u1ea1n nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng. Do \u0111\u00f3, c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean ki\u1ec3m tra si\u00eau \u00e2m l\u00e0 r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng. Ch\u1ec9 khi ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n ra c\u00e1c l\u1ed7i b\u00ean trong c\u1ee7a con l\u0103n h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng th\u00ec m\u1edbi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft theo t\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh l\u1ed7i. X\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng m\u1ed9t k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch theo d\u00f5i c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 cho vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c con l\u0103n d\u1ef1 ph\u00f2ng c\u00f3 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng tr\u00e1nh c\u00e1c tai n\u1ea1n s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t do l\u1ed7i con l\u0103n d\u1ef1 ph\u00f2ng lan r\u1ed9ng. N\u1ebfu ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n ra l\u1ed7i con l\u0103n, c\u1ea7n ghi l\u1ea1i v\u1ecb tr\u00ed, h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ed9 s\u00e2u, v.v. c\u1ee7a l\u1ed7i \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n theo d\u00f5i con l\u0103n d\u1ef1 ph\u00f2ng trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng. Khi ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n l\u1ed7i \u0111\u00e3 lan r\u1ed9ng, ph\u1ea3i d\u1eebng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ngay l\u1eadp t\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh tai n\u1ea1n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd t\u1eaft m\u00e1y b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 b\u1ea5t th\u01b0\u1eddng<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Con l\u0103n h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 sau khi th\u00e1o l\u1eafp b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u1eed l\u00fd theo l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u00e0i \u0111\u1ecbnh tr\u01b0\u1edbc. Con l\u0103n h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m m\u00e1t ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi x\u1eed l\u00fd \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh h\u00ecnh d\u1ea1ng con l\u0103n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u1eed l\u00fd b\u1ecb thay \u0111\u1ed5i do \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9, d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t kh\u00f4ng \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh. C\u0169ng c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean \u0111o \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t c\u1ee7a con l\u0103n d\u1ef1 ph\u00f2ng v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u00e0i c\u1ee7a con l\u0103n d\u1ef1 ph\u00f2ng theo s\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng, t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf l\u1edbp c\u1ee9ng tr\u00ean b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t c\u1ee7a con l\u0103n d\u1ef1 ph\u00f2ng v\u00e0 ng\u0103n ng\u1eeba bong tr\u00f3c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

N\u1ebfu l\u00f4 ra kh\u1ecfi m\u00e1y b\u1ea5t th\u01b0\u1eddng (l\u00f4 g\u1eb7p s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1 tr\u00ean m\u00e1y nh\u01b0 k\u1eb9t th\u00e9p, th\u00e9p d\u00ednh, v.v.), l\u01b0\u1ee3ng x\u1eed l\u00fd c\u1ee7a l\u00f4 d\u1ef1 ph\u00f2ng s\u1ebd thay \u0111\u1ed5i. N\u1ebfu c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1 nh\u01b0 k\u1eb9t th\u00e9p ho\u1eb7c th\u00e9p d\u00ednh khi l\u00f4 trong m\u00e1y, l\u01b0\u1ee3ng x\u1eed l\u00fd v\u00e0 m\u00e0i ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u1ea1i d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean c\u00e1c khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t sau khi l\u00f4 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00e1o ra kh\u1ecfi m\u00e1y. K\u1ebft h\u1ee3p th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m si\u00eau \u00e2m v\u00e0 th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n xo\u00e1y n\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ecb v\u00e0 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9 s\u00e2u c\u1ee7a v\u1ebft n\u1ee9t tr\u00ean c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn b\u1ecb l\u1ed7i. \u00c1p d\u1ee5ng nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt trong khi x\u1eed l\u00fd, li\u00ean t\u1ee5c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ed9 s\u00e2u c\u1ee7a v\u1ebft n\u1ee9t v\u00e0 x\u1eed l\u00fd ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n c\u00e1c v\u1ebft n\u1ee9t trong khi gi\u1ea3m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng x\u1eed l\u00fd c\u00e0ng nhi\u1ec1u c\u00e0ng t\u1ed1t. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 c\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 khi\u1ebfn th\u1eddi gian x\u1eed l\u00fd c\u1ee7a l\u00f4 b\u1ecb k\u00e9o d\u00e0i, nh\u01b0ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ee9c ti\u00eau th\u1ee5 x\u1eed l\u00fd b\u1ea5t th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a l\u00f4. Ch\u1ec9 b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p m\u00e0i v\u00e0 th\u0103m d\u00f2 c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t l\u00fac, m\u1ee9c ti\u00eau th\u1ee5 b\u1ea5t th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a l\u00f4 m\u1edbi th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 gi\u1ea3m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. N\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng, m\u1ee9c ti\u00eau th\u1ee5 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 gi\u1ea3m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ec9 b\u1eb1ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u00e0i h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf sau khi t\u1eaft m\u00e1y b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng gia c\u00f4ng v\u00e0 nghi\u1ec1n m\u1ed7i l\u1ea7n nh\u1ecf, v\u00e0 tai n\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng x\u1ea3y ra ngay l\u1eadp t\u1ee9c, nh\u01b0ng c\u00e1c v\u1ebft n\u1ee9t m\u1ecfi t\u00edch t\u1ee5 theo th\u1eddi gian ch\u01b0a bao gi\u1edd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u1eed l\u00fd, cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn tai n\u1ea1n tr\u00ean tr\u1ee5c trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh c\u00e1n, v\u00e0 khi \u0111\u00f3 l\u1ee3i \u00edch l\u1edbn h\u01a1n thi\u1ec7t h\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Do \u0111\u00f3, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y c\u00e1n n\u00f3ng n\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trang b\u1ecb thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng. Ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt b\u1eb1ng si\u00eau \u00e2m v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt b\u1eb1ng d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n xo\u00e1y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n tr\u00ean c\u00e1c con l\u0103n h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 tr\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 sau khi m\u00e0i. N\u1ebfu c\u1ea7n, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ki\u1ec3m tra h\u1ea1t t\u1eeb, ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt m\u00e0u v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n kh\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec3 ki\u1ec3m tra xem c\u00f3 v\u1ebft n\u1ee9t m\u1ecfi b\u00ean trong con l\u0103n h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 hay kh\u00f4ng v\u00e0 c\u00f3 v\u1ebft n\u1ee9t c\u00f2n s\u00f3t l\u1ea1i tr\u00ean b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t hay kh\u00f4ng. X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh xem c\u00f3 c\u00e1c khu v\u1ef1c l\u00e0m c\u1ee9ng r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng hay kh\u00f4ng th\u00f4ng qua ki\u1ec3m tra \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ec1u c\u1ee7a con l\u0103n d\u1ef1 ph\u00f2ng v\u00e0 ng\u0103n ng\u1eeba c\u00e1c khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt \u1edf con l\u0103n d\u1ef1 ph\u00f2ng x\u00e2m nh\u1eadp v\u00e0o m\u00e1y. Chu k\u1ef3 thay th\u1ebf con l\u0103n d\u1ef1 ph\u00f2ng n\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh theo \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n l\u00e0m c\u1ee9ng c\u1ee7a vai \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng kh\u00f4ng t\u0103ng qu\u00e1 4HS trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng. L\u1edbp l\u00e0m c\u1ee9ng ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh m\u00e0i v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t con l\u0103n ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ki\u1ec3m tra sau khi m\u00e0i \u0111\u1ec3 kh\u00f4i ph\u1ee5c gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng ban \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a con l\u0103n h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd t\u1eadp tin cu\u1ed9n<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

C\u1ea7n l\u1eadp h\u1ed3 s\u01a1 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng l\u00f4 ho\u00e0n ch\u1ec9nh. \u0110\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t, c\u1ea7n l\u1eadp h\u1ed3 s\u01a1 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n l\u1ed7i si\u00eau \u00e2m v\u00e0 d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n xo\u00e1y l\u00f4. Th\u1ed1ng k\u00ea cho th\u1ea5y, h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft l\u00f4 x\u1ea3y ra s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1 tr\u00ean m\u00e1y \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 l\u00f4 b\u1ecb th\u00e1o ra kh\u1ecfi m\u00e1y b\u1ea5t th\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eeda ch\u1eefa tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng l\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Do \u0111\u00f3, con l\u0103n h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ki\u1ec3m tra th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean b\u1eb1ng d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n xo\u00e1y, s\u00f3ng si\u00eau \u00e2m b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n l\u1ed7i si\u00eau \u00e2m vi v\u1ebft n\u1ee9t t\u1ea1i m\u1ed1i n\u1ed1i. C\u00e1c con l\u0103n d\u1ef1 ph\u00f2ng \u0111\u00e3 g\u1eb7p s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1 l\u0103n ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c 100% n\u1ee9t v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m tra. \u0110\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi, m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a m\u00e1y d\u00f2 l\u1ed7i n\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3m kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng r\u00f2 r\u1ec9 thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3m ho\u1eb7c tr\u00e1nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c tai n\u1ea1n tr\u00ean con l\u0103n \u0111\u1ee1, k\u00e9o d\u00e0i tu\u1ed5i th\u1ecd c\u1ee7a con l\u0103n \u0111\u1ee1 v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3m m\u1ee9c ti\u00eau th\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a con l\u0103n \u0111\u1ee1.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

C\u00e1c ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 l\u1ed7i cu\u1ed9n d\u1ef1 ph\u00f2ng v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch ph\u00f2ng ng\u1eeba<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

C\u00e1c ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 h\u1ecfng h\u00f3c ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a l\u00f4 d\u1ef1 ph\u00f2ng bao g\u1ed3m bong tr\u00f3c th\u00e2n l\u00f4 v\u00e0 bong tr\u00f3c m\u1eb7t l\u00f4. Ngo\u00e0i ra, c\u00f2n c\u00f3 c\u00e1c ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 h\u1ecfng h\u00f3c nh\u01b0 g\u00e3y m\u1ecfi c\u1ed5 l\u00f4 v\u00e0 g\u00e3y \u1ee9ng su\u1ea5t th\u00e2n l\u00f4. H\u1ecfng l\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1eb7p trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng. V\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y l\u00e0 nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp g\u00e2y h\u01b0 h\u1ecfng l\u00f4, r\u00fat ng\u1eafn tu\u1ed5i th\u1ecd s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng v\u00e0 th\u1eadm ch\u00ed l\u00e0 lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf s\u1edbm. Do \u0111\u00f3, h\u1ecfng l\u00f4 l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng m\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng l\u00f4 mu\u1ed1n x\u1ea3y ra. Tuy nhi\u00ean, do s\u1ef1 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y, n\u00f3 lu\u00f4n g\u00e2y kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n cho vi\u1ec7c qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd l\u00f4 t\u1ea1i ch\u1ed7. B\u00e2y gi\u1edd ch\u00fang ta s\u1ebd ph\u00e2n t\u00edch c\u00e1c ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 h\u1ecfng h\u00f3c c\u1ee7a l\u00f4 d\u1ef1 ph\u00f2ng t\u1eeb nhi\u1ec1u kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh, t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng v\u00e0 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd l\u00f4, v\u00e0 c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng tr\u00e1nh x\u1ea3y ra v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L\u1ed9t con l\u0103n d\u1ef1 ph\u00f2ng<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

(1) Trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t l\u00f4 d\u1ef1 ph\u00f2ng, do l\u00f4 d\u1ef1 ph\u00f2ng v\u00e0 l\u00f4 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c b\u1ecb m\u00f2n kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec1u, l\u1ef1c u\u1ed1n d\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0 \u00e2m c\u1ee7a l\u00f4 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c g\u00e2y ra ch\u1ed7 l\u00f5m \u1edf gi\u1eefa th\u00e2n l\u00f4 d\u1ef1 ph\u00f2ng v\u00e0 ph\u00ecnh ra \u1edf c\u1ea3 hai \u0111\u1ea7u. \u1ee8ng su\u1ea5t ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac \u1edf \u0111\u1ea7u th\u00e2n l\u00f4 t\u0103ng l\u00ean. Khi gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n ch\u1ea3y c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u v\u01b0\u1ee3t qu\u00e1, bi\u1ebfn d\u1ea1ng d\u1ebbo x\u1ea3y ra. Bi\u1ebfn d\u1ea1ng xen k\u1ebd nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ea7n s\u1ebd t\u1ea1o ra c\u00e1c v\u1ebft n\u1ee9t nh\u1ecf, v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng v\u1ebft n\u1ee9t s\u1ebd khi\u1ebfn c\u00e1c m\u1ea3nh l\u1edbn b\u1ecb bong ra;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

(2) Con l\u0103n d\u1ef1 ph\u00f2ng lu\u00f4n duy tr\u00ec ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac l\u0103n v\u1edbi con l\u0103n l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng cao v\u00e0 b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t con l\u0103n ch\u1ecbu \u1ee9ng su\u1ea5t \u00e1p su\u1ea5t ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac \u0111\u1ecbnh k\u1ef3. \u1ee8ng su\u1ea5t ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac l\u0103n \u0111\u1ecbnh k\u1ef3 th\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1ea1o ra l\u1edbp l\u00e0m c\u1ee9ng tr\u00ean b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t con l\u0103n d\u1ef1 ph\u00f2ng, nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh l\u00e0m c\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ec1u d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn bong tr\u00f3c. Ch\u1ec9 khi gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb \u1ee9ng su\u1ea5t t\u0103ng theo m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 l\u00e0m c\u1ee9ng v\u00e0 \u1ee9ng su\u1ea5t l\u0103n v\u01b0\u1ee3t qu\u00e1 gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n ch\u1ea3y c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u th\u00ec c\u00e1c v\u1ebft n\u1ee9t nh\u1ecf m\u1edbi lan truy\u1ec1n v\u00e0 g\u00e2y bong tr\u00f3c. N\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng l\u00e0m c\u1ee9ng t\u0103ng 4HS v\u01b0\u1ee3t qu\u00e1 \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng ban \u0111\u1ea7u, s\u1ebd c\u00f3 nguy c\u01a1 bong tr\u00f3c. Gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n l\u00e0 x\u1eed l\u00fd l\u1edbp \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m c\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ec3 ng\u0103n ng\u1eeba c\u00e1c v\u1ebft n\u1ee9t nh\u1ecf tr\u00ean da g\u00e2y bong tr\u00f3c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lo\u1ea1i v\u1ebft n\u1ee9t nh\u1ecf n\u00e0y r\u1ea5t kh\u00f3 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n khi con l\u0103n \u0111ang s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng v\u00e0 kh\u00f3 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n ra s\u1ef1 m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a v\u1ebft n\u1ee9t. N\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y con l\u0103n khi l\u1ea5y ra kh\u1ecfi m\u00e1y \u0111\u1ec3 m\u00e0i v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n m\u1ed9t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u00e0i l\u1edbn, v\u1ebft n\u1ee9t s\u1ebd m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng nhanh ch\u00f3ng khi s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng l\u1ea1i, \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u00e2y ra t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng bong tr\u00f3c. Do con l\u0103n d\u1ef1 ph\u00f2ng c\u00f3 tu\u1ed5i th\u1ecd cao, \u0111\u1ed9 m\u00f2n \u1edf gi\u1eefa con l\u0103n d\u1ef1 ph\u00f2ng l\u1edbn v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 m\u00f2n \u1edf c\u1ea3 hai \u0111\u1ea7u nh\u1ecf, d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn h\u00ecnh d\u1ea1ng con l\u0103n h\u00ecnh ch\u1eef U. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y g\u00e2y ra c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec9nh \u00e1p su\u1ea5t ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac c\u1ee5c b\u1ed9 \u1edf c\u1ea3 hai \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a th\u00e2n con l\u0103n v\u00e0 l\u00e0m t\u0103ng \u1ee9ng su\u1ea5t c\u1eaft xen k\u1ebd \u1edf c\u1ea3 hai \u0111\u1ea7u, \u0111\u1ea9y nhanh qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh h\u01b0 h\u1ecfng do m\u1ecfi. H\u01a1n n\u1eefa, do \u00edt b\u1ecb m\u00e0i m\u00f2n \u1edf m\u00e9p con l\u0103n, \u0111i\u1ec3m \u1ee9ng su\u1ea5t c\u1eaft xen k\u1ebd t\u1ed1i \u0111a v\u1ec1 c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n kh\u00f4ng di chuy\u1ec3n. D\u01b0\u1edbi t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1eb7p \u0111i l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a n\u00f3, c\u00e1c v\u1ebft n\u1ee9t c\u1ee5c b\u1ed9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n. Khi c\u00e1c v\u1ebft n\u1ee9t lan r\u1ed9ng, cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng ch\u00fang g\u00e2y ra hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng bong tr\u00f3c. S\u1ef1 bong tr\u00f3c c\u1ee7a con l\u0103n d\u1ef1 ph\u00f2ng ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu l\u00e0 c\u00e1c m\u1ea3nh bong tr\u00f3c nh\u1ecf, ph\u00e2n b\u1ed1 trong ph\u1ea1m vi c\u1ee7a th\u00e2n con l\u0103n ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac v\u1edbi toa xe.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ph\u00f2ng ng\u1eeba c\u00e1c ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 h\u1ecfng h\u00f3c c\u1ee7a con l\u0103n d\u1ef1 ph\u00f2ng<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

(1) Gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh t\u00f4i luy\u1ec7n sau khi gia c\u00f4ng con l\u0103n \u0111\u1ee1, ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh ki\u1ec3m tra \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng c\u1ee7a b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t con l\u0103n. \u0110\u1ea7u ti\u00ean l\u00e0 x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng c\u00f3 xu h\u01b0\u1edbng t\u0103ng l\u00ean hay kh\u00f4ng, th\u1ee9 hai l\u00e0 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ec1u c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng. N\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng t\u0103ng h\u01a1n 4HS so v\u1edbi tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi ch\u1ea1y m\u00e1y, c\u1ea7n t\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u00e0i th\u00edch h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3m hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 chu k\u1ef3 c\u00e1n. X\u1eed l\u00fd b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t con l\u0103n nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ea7n v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m tra \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng c\u1ee7a b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t con l\u0103n nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn l\u1edbp t\u00f4i luy\u1ec7n c\u00f3 s\u1ea1ch kh\u00f4ng v\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng khi m\u00e1y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01b0a v\u00e0o m\u00e1y l\u1ea7n tr\u01b0\u1edbc;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

(2) Gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t v\u1ebft n\u1ee9t m\u1ecfi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt b\u1eb1ng h\u1ea1t t\u1eeb, ch\u1ea5t th\u1ea9m th\u1ea5u ho\u1eb7c si\u00eau \u00e2m \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn xem v\u1ebft n\u1ee9t m\u1ecfi \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf hay ch\u01b0a v\u00e0 t\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u00e0i th\u00edch h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ec3 lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf l\u1edbp m\u1ecfi;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

(3) \u0110i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh chu k\u1ef3 thay th\u1ebf l\u00f4. C\u00e1c v\u1ebft n\u1ee9t m\u1ecfi c\u1ee7a l\u00f4 d\u1ef1 ph\u00f2ng c\u00f3 li\u00ean quan ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd \u0111\u1ebfn chu k\u1ef3 b\u1ea3o d\u01b0\u1ee1ng l\u00f4, h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng m\u00e0i v\u00e0 t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t l\u00f4 tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi \u0111\u01b0a l\u00f4 v\u00e0o m\u00e1y. Do \u0111\u00f3, chu k\u1ef3 thay th\u1ebf l\u00f4 d\u1ef1 ph\u00f2ng ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh d\u1ea7n theo s\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng c\u1ee7a b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t l\u00f4 d\u1ef1 ph\u00f2ng v\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng nhi\u1ec1u ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m kh\u00f4ng ph\u00e1 h\u1ee7y kh\u00e1c nhau \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c v\u1ebft n\u1ee9t tr\u00ean b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t l\u00f4 \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn vi\u1ec7c lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf c\u00e1c v\u1ebft n\u1ee9t m\u1ecfi. Sau khi t\u00edch l\u0169y kinh nghi\u1ec7m l\u00e2u d\u00e0i, m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng thay th\u1ebf l\u00f4 v\u00e0 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng m\u00e0i h\u1ee3p l\u00fd \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00f3m t\u1eaft v\u00e0 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p b\u1ea3o d\u01b0\u1ee1ng r\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec3 ng\u0103n ng\u1eeba c\u00e1c v\u1ebft n\u1ee9t m\u1ecfi ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac tr\u00ean c\u00e1c l\u00f4 \u0111\u1ee1.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nh\u1eefng thi\u1ebfu s\u00f3t trong s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t cu\u1ed9n sao l\u01b0u<\/a><\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

(1) V\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng gi\u1ea3m Theo y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a th\u1ecfa thu\u1eadn k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt, \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng c\u1ee7a con l\u0103n d\u1ef1 ph\u00f2ng m\u1edbi v\u1ec1 c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n l\u00e0 kho\u1ea3ng HSD68. Khi con l\u0103n d\u1ef1 ph\u00f2ng \u1edf giai \u0111o\u1ea1n gi\u1eefa v\u00e0 cu\u1ed1i s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng, \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng gi\u1ea3m \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 v\u00e0 v\u1ec1 c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n l\u00e0 HSD60 tr\u1edf xu\u1ed1ng. Khi \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng c\u1ee7a con l\u0103n h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 gi\u1ea3m, n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng m\u00e0i m\u00f2n n\u1eefa v\u00e0 c\u1ef1c k\u1ef3 d\u1ec5 t\u1ea1o ra l\u00f4ng s\u1eaft b\u00f4ng v\u00e0 b\u00f4ng tr\u00ean th\u00e2n con l\u0103n, khi\u1ebfn con l\u0103n h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 theo chu k\u1ef3 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c ph\u1ea3i thay th\u1ebf con l\u0103n d\u1ef1 ph\u00f2ng th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean, kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0m t\u0103ng chi ph\u00ed m\u00e0 c\u00f2n l\u00e0m t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ed9 lao \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

(2) V\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ec1u v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng Do \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ec1u v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng c\u1ee7a con l\u0103n d\u1ef1 ph\u00f2ng k\u00e9m n\u00ean \u0111\u1ed9 m\u00f2n th\u00e2n con l\u0103n kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ec1u, \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t h\u00ecnh d\u1ea1ng t\u1ea5m v\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

(3) V\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 v\u1ec1 khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t. Do m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 con l\u0103n d\u1ef1 ph\u00f2ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u quy tr\u00ecnh trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh r\u00e8n, nhi\u1ec1u \u201cl\u1ed7 r\u1ed7ng\u201d b\u00ean trong th\u00e2n con l\u0103n b\u1ecb l\u1ed9 ra tr\u00ean b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t \u1edf m\u1ed9t \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng k\u00ednh nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh. Do s\u1ef1 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a \u201cl\u1ed7 r\u1ed7ng\u201d, l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u00e0i c\u1ee7a con l\u0103n d\u1ef1 ph\u00f2ng t\u0103ng l\u00ean, l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a con l\u0103n d\u1ef1 ph\u00f2ng v\u00e0 r\u00fat ng\u1eafn \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 chu k\u1ef3 b\u1ea3o d\u01b0\u1ee1ng. \u0110\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi, con l\u0103n d\u1ef1 ph\u00f2ng d\u1ec5 b\u1ecb n\u1ee9t \u1edf \u201cl\u1ed7 r\u1ed7ng\u201d sau khi s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng l\u00e2u d\u00e0i, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u00e2y ra tai n\u1ea1n bong tr\u00f3c tr\u00ean b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t con l\u0103n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ph\u1ea7n k\u1ebft lu\u1eadn<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng c\u1ee7a con l\u0103n d\u1ef1 ph\u00f2ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 b\u1eb1ng s\u1ed1 v\u1ee5 tai n\u1ea1n c\u1ee7a con l\u0103n d\u1ef1 ph\u00f2ng tr\u00ean m\u00e1y v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 c\u00e1n kh\u00e1c nhau. Ng\u00e0y nay, ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3m ti\u00eau th\u1ee5 l\u00e0 xu h\u01b0\u1edbng h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea7u trong c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y th\u00e9p l\u1edbn, \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi ph\u1ea3i n\u00e2ng cao tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed9 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng v\u00e0 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd con l\u0103n h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 t\u1ea1i ch\u1ed7. Gi\u1ea3m ti\u00eau th\u1ee5 con l\u0103n h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

T\u00f3m l\u1ea1i, n\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n hy v\u1ecdng r\u1eb1ng con l\u0103n d\u1ef1 ph\u00f2ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng theo \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng k\u00ednh ph\u1ebf li\u1ec7u d\u1ef1 ki\u1ebfn, b\u1ea1n ph\u1ea3i n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n l\u1ed7i, s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng v\u00e0 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd con l\u0103n d\u1ef1 ph\u00f2ng \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u tai n\u1ea1n. N\u00e2ng cao vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng con l\u0103n h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 l\u00ean m\u1ed9t t\u1ea7m cao m\u1edbi \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o ti\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t di\u1ec5n ra su\u00f4n s\u1ebb. \u0110\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi, c\u0169ng hy v\u1ecdng r\u1eb1ng ng\u00e0nh s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 cung c\u1ea5p con l\u0103n d\u1ef1 ph\u00f2ng t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n v\u00e0 tinh vi h\u01a1n cho c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y c\u00e1n t\u1ea5m v\u00e0 c\u00e1n d\u1ea3i c\u00e1n n\u00f3ng, \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ea3 hai b\u00ean c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng \u0111\u00f4i b\u00ean c\u00f9ng c\u00f3 l\u1ee3i v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng chung.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Abstract: The requirements for the output and quality of hot-rolled strips are getting higher and higher, which makes the requirements for the use and management of backup rollers changing with each passing day. 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