{"id":602,"date":"2024-02-26T06:31:35","date_gmt":"2024-02-26T06:31:35","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/lmmworkrolls.com\/?p=602"},"modified":"2024-02-26T06:31:40","modified_gmt":"2024-02-26T06:31:40","slug":"soguk-tandem-haddelemede-is-silindirlerinin-yuzey-soyulma-nedenlerinin-analizi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/lmmworkrolls.com\/tr\/soguk-tandem-haddelemede-is-silindirlerinin-yuzey-soyulma-nedenlerinin-analizi\/","title":{"rendered":"So\u011fuk tandem haddelemede i\u015f merdanelerinin y\u00fczey soyulma nedenlerinin analizi"},"content":{"rendered":"

The so\u011fuk haddeleme rulosu<\/a> So\u011fuk tandem haddeleme \u00fcnitesinin \u00f6nemli ve b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6l\u00e7ekli bir bile\u015fenidir. \u00dcretim s\u00fcreci nispeten karma\u015f\u0131kt\u0131r ve \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma ortam\u0131 zordur. S\u00fcrt\u00fcnmeye, termal strese, darbeye ve di\u011fer streslere maruz kal\u0131r. Kullan\u0131m s\u0131ras\u0131nda k\u0131r\u0131labilir, soyulabilir, a\u015f\u0131nabilir vb. ve ard\u0131ndan ar\u0131zalanabilir. sarf malzemelerinin maliyetini art\u0131rabilir ve \u00fcretimi etkileyerek ekonomik kay\u0131plara neden olabilir. Bir \u015firketin paslanmaz \u00e7elik \u00fcretim hatt\u0131n\u0131n normal haddeleme \u00fcretim s\u00fcreci s\u0131ras\u0131nda, so\u011fuk s\u00fcrekli haddeleme i\u015f silindirinin y\u00fczeyi aniden soyularak ar\u0131zaya ve kapanmaya neden olmu\u015f ve normal \u00fcretimi ciddi \u015fekilde etkilemi\u015ftir. Bu makale, so\u011fuk tandem haddeleme i\u015f silindirinin soyulma \u00f6rne\u011fini analiz nesnesi olarak almaktad\u0131r. Makroskobik k\u0131r\u0131lma, spektral bile\u015fim \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcm\u00fc, sertlik, metalografik yap\u0131 ve taramal\u0131 elektron mikroskobu gibi fiziksel ve kimyasal test y\u00f6ntemleri ile g\u00fcnl\u00fck kullan\u0131m ko\u015fullar\u0131 birle\u015ftirilerek, silindir y\u00fczeyinin soyulmas\u0131n\u0131n nedenleri analiz edilmekte ve tart\u0131\u015f\u0131lmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Soyulmu\u015f blo\u011fun fiziksel ve kimyasal muayene sonu\u00e7lar\u0131 ve k\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131n g\u00f6zlenmesi<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Rulo soyma bloklar\u0131n\u0131n makroskobik morfoloji analizini ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirin (bkz. \u015eekil 1). Soyulmu\u015f blokta tipik yorulma k\u0131r\u0131lma \u00f6zellikleri vard\u0131r ve yorulma genle\u015fme b\u00f6lgesinin \u00f6nemli bir \u00f6zelli\u011fi olan merkezi daire alan\u0131nda belirgin s\u0131rt \u00e7izgileri g\u00f6r\u00fclebilir. Kabuk \u00e7izgisinin merkezi, yorulma \u00e7atlaklar\u0131n\u0131n ba\u015flama alan\u0131 olan yorulma kayna\u011f\u0131d\u0131r. Yorulma kayna\u011f\u0131n\u0131n y\u00fczeyde de\u011fil, rulonun i\u00e7inde yer ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fclebilir; d\u0131\u015f halka alan\u0131 en b\u00fcy\u00fck alan\u0131 kaplar ve makroskobik morfoloji, an\u0131nda k\u0131r\u0131lma b\u00f6lgesi olan radyaldir. Yap\u0131sal malzemelerin ve mekanik par\u00e7alar\u0131n ar\u0131zalanmas\u0131 durumunda, yorulma hasar\u0131 statik y\u00fck hasar\u0131ndan farkl\u0131d\u0131r. \u00c7o\u011fu uyar\u0131 vermeden ve beklenmedik durumlarda meydana gelir. Ar\u0131zadan \u00f6nce g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcmde belirgin bir i\u015faret yoktur ve hasar ciddidir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Yorulma kaynak alan\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6zlemlemek i\u00e7in taramal\u0131 elektron mikroskobu kullan\u0131larak, yakla\u015f\u0131k 50 \u03bcm \u00e7ap\u0131nda gran\u00fcler kapan\u0131mlar oldu\u011fu bulundu. EDS sonu\u00e7lar\u0131, Ca, K, O, Mg, Al, Si ve di\u011fer elementleri i\u00e7erdi\u011fini (bkz. \u015eekil 2) ve b\u00fcy\u00fck taneli oksit kar\u0131\u015f\u0131k kapan\u0131m oldu\u011funu g\u00f6stermektedir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Kimyasal bile\u015fim: Spektral bile\u015fim analizi i\u00e7in soyulmu\u015f bloktan bir numune kesin. Rulo malzemesi 8Cr3NiMoV'dur. Test sonu\u00e7lar\u0131 Tablo 1'de g\u00f6sterilmi\u015ftir. Alt s\u0131n\u0131rdan biraz daha d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck olan Cr elementi hari\u00e7, di\u011fer bile\u015fenler GB\/T1299-2014 standard\u0131n\u0131n kapsam\u0131ndad\u0131r. Soyulmu\u015f blo\u011fun sertli\u011fini test etmek i\u00e7in bir Rockwell sertlik test cihaz\u0131 kullan\u0131ld\u0131. Sertlik (HRC) de\u011feri 64,5'e ula\u015ft\u0131 ve numunedeki her konum nispeten d\u00fczg\u00fcnd\u00fc ve standart gerekliliklerini kar\u015f\u0131lad\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tablo 1 Eksfoliye edilmi\u015f bloklar\u0131n % ile kimyasal bile\u015fimi<\/td><\/tr>
 <\/td>C<\/td>Si<\/td>Mn<\/td>P<\/td> S<\/td>Cr<\/td>Ay<\/td>Hay\u0131r<\/td>V<\/td><\/tr>
test de\u011feri<\/td>0.8412<\/td>0.4101<\/td>0.302<\/td>0.0094<\/td>0.0006<\/td>2.79<\/td>0.2357<\/td>0.67<\/td>0.0697<\/td><\/tr>
standart de\u011fer<\/td>0.82-0.90<\/td>0.30-0.50<\/td>0.20-0.45<\/td>\u22640,020<\/td>\u22640,015<\/td>2.80-3.20<\/td>0.20-0.40<\/td>0.60-0.80<\/td>0.05-0.15<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Metalografik g\u00f6zlem<\/strong><\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Metalografik numuneleri yorulma kayna\u011f\u0131ndan kesmek i\u00e7in bir tel kesme makinesi kullan\u0131ld\u0131. \u00d6l\u00e7\u00fcmden sonra, yorulma kayna\u011f\u0131 rulo y\u00fczeyinden yakla\u015f\u0131k 8 mm uzaktayd\u0131. Numune haz\u0131rlama ve parlatmadan sonra, ZEISSImager.A1m metalografik mikroskop, ZEISSEVO18 taramal\u0131 elektron mikroskobu ve di\u011fer aletler g\u00f6zlem ve analiz i\u00e7in kullan\u0131ld\u0131. Soyulmu\u015f blokta birden fazla k\u00f6k \u015feklinde \u00e7atlak oldu\u011fu bulundu (bkz. \u015eekil 3). \u00c7atlaklar i\u00e7 yorulma kayna\u011f\u0131ndan kaynakland\u0131 ve rulo y\u00fczeyine do\u011fru geni\u015fledi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u015eekil 3 Soyulmu\u015f bloktaki i\u00e7 \u00e7atlaklar<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Numunenin kapsaml\u0131 g\u00f6zlemi, soyulmu\u015f blokta 90 \u03bcm'ye kadar b\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fckte \u00e7ok say\u0131da b\u00fcy\u00fck kapan\u0131m oldu\u011funu (bkz. \u015eekil 4a) ve kapan\u0131mlar\u0131n standard\u0131 ciddi \u015fekilde a\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ortaya koydu. Taramal\u0131 elektron mikroskobu enerji spektrum analizi kullan\u0131larak (bkz. \u015eekil 4b), b\u00fcy\u00fck par\u00e7ac\u0131kl\u0131 b\u00fcy\u00fck kapan\u0131mlar \u00e7o\u011funlukla O ve Al'dir ve az miktarda Mg, S, Ca, Mn ve Fe i\u00e7erir. Bunlar\u0131n ana bile\u015fen olarak Al2O3 ile kar\u0131\u015f\u0131k kapan\u0131mlar oldu\u011fu sonucuna var\u0131labilir. Rulolar \u00fcretilirken eritme i\u015fleminin gev\u015fek bir \u015fekilde kontrol edilmesinden kaynaklan\u0131yor olabilir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

2. Analiz ve tart\u0131\u015fma<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00c7atlak olu\u015fum s\u00fcreci<\/strong><\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Makroskobik morfoloji analizinden, rulo par\u00e7alanmas\u0131n\u0131n i\u00e7 yorulma kayna\u011f\u0131ndan kaynakland\u0131\u011f\u0131 sonucuna var\u0131labilir. Daha sonra, \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma s\u0131ras\u0131nda s\u00fcrekli gerilim d\u00f6ng\u00fcsel gerilimi alt\u0131nda, \u00e7atlaklar kademeli olarak geni\u015fleyerek s\u0131rt \u00e7izgileri olu\u015fturur. Yorulma \u00e7atlaklar\u0131 belirli bir \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde geni\u015fler ve bunun sonucunda yetersiz mukavemet ve haddeleme i\u015flemi s\u0131ras\u0131nda d\u0131\u015f kuvvete dayanamama ortaya \u00e7\u0131kar. Sonunda, bir sonland\u0131rma b\u00f6lgesi olu\u015fur ve rulonun y\u00fczeyi soyulur. Rulonun \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131 s\u0131ras\u0131nda, rulonun y\u00fck\u00fcn\u00fcn neden oldu\u011fu maksimum birle\u015fik kesme gerilimi haddehane <\/a>ve rulo temas noktas\u0131ndaki yerel s\u0131k\u0131\u015ft\u0131rma, rulo y\u00fczeyinin alt\u0131nda k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck bir alanda yer almaktad\u0131r. Rulo \u00fcretilmeden ve kullan\u0131lmadan \u00f6nceki haz\u0131rl\u0131k s\u00fcreci art\u0131k gerilim \u00fcretecektir. Ayn\u0131 zamanda, so\u011fuk haddeleme i\u015flem s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck olmas\u0131na ra\u011fmen, rulo ve \u015feridin s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131 da s\u00fcrt\u00fcnme etkisi alt\u0131nda artacak ve termal gerilime neden olacakt\u0131r. Haddeleme i\u015flemi s\u0131ras\u0131nda \u015ferit k\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131, titreme, \u00fcst \u00fcste binme, kayma vb. meydana gelirse, rulo y\u00fczeyi yerel a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 y\u00fck \u0131s\u0131s\u0131na ve darbe gerilimine maruz kalacakt\u0131r. \u00c7elikte mekanik kar\u0131\u015f\u0131mlar \u015feklinde metalik olmayan kapan\u0131mlar bulundu\u011fundan ve \u00f6zellikleri \u00e7eli\u011fin \u00f6zelliklerinden \u00e7ok farkl\u0131 oldu\u011fundan, \u00e7elik matrisinin d\u00fczg\u00fcnl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc ve s\u00fcreklili\u011fini bozar ve orada gerilim yo\u011funla\u015fmas\u0131na neden olarak yorgunlu\u011fun kayna\u011f\u0131 haline gelirler. Ayr\u0131ca, \u0131s\u0131tma i\u015flemi s\u0131ras\u0131nda metalik olmayan kapan\u0131mlar\u0131n ve matrisin do\u011frusal genle\u015fme katsay\u0131lar\u0131 farkl\u0131d\u0131r ve kapan\u0131mlar\u0131n yak\u0131n\u0131ndaki matriste ek bir gerilim alan\u0131 olu\u015fturur. B\u00f6yle karma\u015f\u0131k stres ko\u015fullar\u0131 alt\u0131nda, y\u00fczey tabakas\u0131nda metalik olmayan kapan\u0131mlar, \u00f6zellikle k\u0131r\u0131lgan kapan\u0131mlar varsa, k\u00fcresel kapan\u0131mlar \u00f6nce maksimum stresin iki ucunda matristen soyularak birincil mikro \u00e7atlaklar olu\u015fturacakt\u0131r. \u00c7atlak h\u0131zla yay\u0131lmadan \u00f6nce, \u00e7elik matris ile kapan\u0131mlar aras\u0131ndaki aray\u00fcz matristen kademeli olarak ayr\u0131l\u0131r ve bir \u00e7atlak kanal\u0131 olu\u015fturur. Stres \u00e7evrimlerinin say\u0131s\u0131 artt\u0131k\u00e7a, mikro \u00e7atlaklar topun kabuk y\u0131rt\u0131lma matrisi boyunca kademeli olarak d\u0131\u015fa do\u011fru geni\u015fler. \u00c7atla\u011f\u0131n genel boyutu, rulonun dayanabilece\u011fi kritik boyutu a\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, yorulma \u00e7atla\u011f\u0131 karars\u0131z geni\u015fleme a\u015famas\u0131na girer ve rulo y\u00fczeyi sonunda ani k\u0131r\u0131lma nedeniyle soyulur. Rulo y\u00fczey soyulmas\u0131 birka\u00e7 i\u015flemden ge\u00e7mi\u015ftir: kapan\u0131mlar\u0131n neden oldu\u011fu \u00e7atlak ba\u015flang\u0131c\u0131 \u2192 \u00e7atlak yay\u0131lmas\u0131 \u2192 soyulma.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Kapan\u0131mlar\u0131n yorulma \u00f6zelliklerine etkisi<\/strong><\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Kapan\u0131mlar\u0131n i\u015f par\u00e7as\u0131n\u0131n yorulma \u00f6mr\u00fc \u00fczerindeki etkisi, kapan\u0131mlar\u0131n do\u011fas\u0131, boyutu, miktar\u0131 ve da\u011f\u0131l\u0131m\u0131 ile ilgilidir. Genel olarak konu\u015fursak, matrisle zay\u0131f ba\u011flant\u0131s\u0131 olan ve deforme olmayan sert ve k\u0131r\u0131lgan masif veya k\u00fcresel kapan\u0131mlar, \u00f6rne\u011fin TiN, Al2O3, vb., s\u00fcnek ve uzun kapan\u0131mlardan daha zararl\u0131d\u0131r. \u00c7ok say\u0131da kapan\u0131m oldu\u011funda, yo\u011funla\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131nda ve da\u011f\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda veya par\u00e7an\u0131n y\u00fczeyinde veya y\u00fcksek gerilimli bir alanda oldu\u011funda, yorulma \u00f6mr\u00fc \u00fczerinde en ciddi etkiye sahip olacaklard\u0131r. Ayn\u0131 zamanda, kapan\u0131mlar\u0131n yorulma \u00f6zellikleri \u00fczerindeki etkisi, matrisin yap\u0131s\u0131na ve \u00f6zelliklerine de ba\u011fl\u0131d\u0131r. Deneyler, yumu\u015fak \u00e7eli\u011fin yorulma dayan\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n kapan\u0131mlarla \u00e7ok az ili\u015fkisi oldu\u011funu g\u00f6stermi\u015ftir. \u00c7eli\u011fin dayan\u0131m\u0131 artt\u0131k\u00e7a, kapan\u0131mlar\u0131n zararl\u0131 etkileri giderek daha ciddi hale gelir. ciddi. Y\u00fcksek sertli\u011fe ve y\u00fcksek dayan\u0131ma sahip metal malzemelerde, kapan\u0131mlar\u0131n yorulma dayan\u0131m\u0131 \u00fczerindeki etkisi \u00f6nemli bir konu haline gelmi\u015ftir. \u0130lgili ara\u015ft\u0131rma verilerine g\u00f6re, yorulma \u00f6mr\u00fc inkl\u00fczyonlar\u0131n boyutuna kar\u015f\u0131 \u00e7ok hassast\u0131r. \u0130nkl\u00fczyonlar\u0131n boyutunu azaltmak yorulma \u00f6mr\u00fcn\u00fc \u00f6nemli \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde iyile\u015ftirebilir. Y\u00fcksek sertlikli, y\u00fcksek dayan\u0131ml\u0131 i\u015f par\u00e7alar\u0131 i\u00e7in, y\u00fczey inkl\u00fczyonlar\u0131n\u0131n kritik boyutu 8 ila 10 \u03bcm'dir, bu boyut sertlik artt\u0131k\u00e7a azal\u0131r ve derinlik artt\u0131k\u00e7a artar. \u0130nkl\u00fczyonlar kritik boyuttan daha k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fckse, inkl\u00fczyonlar\u0131n neden oldu\u011fu yorulma k\u0131r\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00f6nlenebilir ve yorulma performans\u0131 daha iyi olur; inkl\u00fczyonlar kritik boyuttan daha b\u00fcy\u00fck oldu\u011funda, inkl\u00fczyonlar\u0131n boyutu artt\u0131k\u00e7a \u00e7eli\u011fin yorulma dayan\u0131m\u0131 ve yorulma \u00f6mr\u00fc keskin bir \u015fekilde azal\u0131r. Literat\u00fcre g\u00f6re, y\u00fcksek dayan\u0131ml\u0131 \u00e7elik i\u00e7in, inkl\u00fczyonlar\u0131n boyutu 1\/3 oran\u0131nda azalt\u0131l\u0131rsa yorulma \u00f6mr\u00fc 10 kat, inkl\u00fczyonlar\u0131n boyutu yakla\u015f\u0131k yar\u0131ya indirilirse yorulma \u00f6mr\u00fc 100 kat uzayacakt\u0131r. Ayn\u0131 zamanda, kapan\u0131mlar\u0131n boyutu yar\u0131ya indirilirse, yorulma dayan\u0131m\u0131 1,12 ila 1,15 kat art\u0131r\u0131labilir. \u00d6zetlemek gerekirse, rulo kullan\u0131m s\u0131ras\u0131nda karma\u015f\u0131k stresin etkisi alt\u0131ndad\u0131r ve bu da b\u00fcy\u00fck kapan\u0131mlarda yorulma \u00e7atla\u011f\u0131 kaynaklar\u0131na neden olur. Alternatif stres de\u011fi\u015fmeye devam ettik\u00e7e, yorulma \u00e7atlaklar\u0131 geni\u015fler ve k\u0131r\u0131k y\u00fczeyinde olu\u015fan ikincil \u00e7atlaklar olu\u015fturur. Yorgunluk bantlar\u0131 ve radyal bantlar. \u00c7atla\u011f\u0131n genel boyutu kritik boyutu a\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, yorulma \u00e7atla\u011f\u0131 karars\u0131z geni\u015fleme a\u015famas\u0131na girer ve rulo sonunda ani k\u0131r\u0131lma ve d\u00f6k\u00fclme nedeniyle ba\u015far\u0131s\u0131z olur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00c7\u00f6z\u00fcm<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

(1) So\u011fuk tandem haddelemenin y\u00fczey d\u00f6k\u00fclmesi \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma rulosu<\/a> y\u00fczeye yak\u0131n b\u00f6lgelerde b\u00fcy\u00fck boyutlu Al2O3 benzeri k\u0131r\u0131lgan ve sert kapan\u0131mlar\u0131n neden oldu\u011fu yorulma k\u0131r\u0131\u011f\u0131 sonucu olu\u015fur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

(2) Rulolar\u0131n tespitini g\u00fc\u00e7lendirin. Ultrasonik test, i\u00e7 kusurlar\u0131 tespit edebilir ve manyetik par\u00e7ac\u0131k ve girdap ak\u0131m\u0131, y\u00fczey kusurlar\u0131n\u0131 tespit edebilir. Rulolar\u0131n kalitesini sa\u011flamak i\u00e7in duruma g\u00f6re farkl\u0131 y\u00f6ntemler veya bir kombinasyon kullan\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

(3) Kullan\u0131m s\u0131ras\u0131nda so\u011futma ve ya\u011flamay\u0131 sa\u011flamak ve a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 \u0131s\u0131nmay\u0131 \u00f6nlemek i\u00e7in bilimsel ve makul bir rulo kullan\u0131m ve bak\u0131m sistemi geli\u015ftirin.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

The cold rolling roll is an important large-scale component of the cold tandem rolling unit. Its manufacturing process is relatively complex and the working environment is harsh. It is subject to friction, thermal stress, impact and other stresses. During use, it may break, peel, wear, etc., and then fail. , increase the cost of consumables […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-602","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-uncategorized"],"yoast_head":"\nAnalysis on the causes of surface peeling of work rolls in cold tandem rolling - Work rolls, Backup rolls, Strip rolls - LMM GROUP Mill rolls manufacturer<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/lmmworkrolls.com\/tr\/soguk-tandem-haddelemede-is-silindirlerinin-yuzey-soyulma-nedenlerinin-analizi\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"tr_TR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Analysis on the causes of surface peeling of work rolls in cold tandem rolling\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"The cold rolling roll is an important large-scale component of the cold tandem rolling unit. Its manufacturing process is relatively complex and the working environment is harsh. It is subject to friction, thermal stress, impact and other stresses. 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